8. OPIOID OVERDOSE
Opioid overdose is a critical medical emergency resulting from excessive use of opioid drugs such as morphine, heroin, tramadol, oxycodone, and methadone. With increasing availability and misuse of prescription opioids,…
9. ANTIDEPRESSANTS
Antidepressant toxicity is a common reason for emergency admissions, particularly in cases of intentional self-harm. Antidepressants include various drug classes such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs),…
10. BARBITURATES AND BENZODIAZEPINES
Barbiturates and benzodiazepines are central nervous system depressants widely used for anxiety, insomnia, seizures, and anesthesia. While benzodiazepines are generally safer in overdose, both drug classes can cause significant toxicity,…
11. ALCOHOL – ETHANOL, METHANOL
Alcohol poisoning is a significant medical concern, particularly involving ethanol and methanol. While ethanol toxicity is frequently encountered due to recreational consumption, methanol poisoning is less common but far more…
12. PARACETAMOL AND SALICYLATES
Paracetamol and salicylates are widely used analgesics and antipyretics, but overdose with either drug can cause life-threatening toxicity. Paracetamol poisoning leads primarily to hepatic injury, while salicylate overdose results in…
13. NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDs)
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most widely used medications for pain, fever, and inflammation. Although generally safe at therapeutic doses, overdose or chronic misuse can lead to significant…
14. HYDROCARBONS: PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND PEG
Hydrocarbon poisoning is a common toxicological emergency, especially in children. Hydrocarbons include petroleum products such as kerosene, gasoline, diesel, turpentine, and lighter fluids, as well as polyethylene glycol (PEG) used…