1. INTRODUCTION TO BIOPHARMACEUTICS
Biopharmaceutics is the study of how the physical and chemical properties of a drug, the type of dosage form, and the route of administration influence the rate and extent of…
2. ABSORPTION OF DRUGS FROM GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the most common site for drug absorption because most medicines are taken orally. For a drug to enter the bloodstream, it must dissolve in GI…
3. DRUG DISTRIBUTION
Drug distribution refers to the process by which a drug moves from the bloodstream into various tissues and organs of the body. After absorption or IV administration, the drug does…
4. DRUG ELIMINATION
Drug elimination refers to the process by which the body removes drugs and their metabolites. It mainly involves two steps: metabolism (chemical conversion of drugs) and excretion (removal from the…
5. INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOKINETICS
Pharmacokinetics is the branch of pharmacology that explains what the body does to a drug. It describes how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated—together known as the ADME…
6. ONE-COMPARTMENT OPEN MODEL INTRAVENOUS INJECTION
Introduction The one compartment open model is one of the simplest and most commonly used pharmacokinetic models. It is especially useful for understanding how a drug behaves after it is…
7. ONE-COMPARTMENT OPEN MODEL FOR INTRAVENOUS INFUSION
In an intravenous infusion, a drug is delivered slowly and continuously into the bloodstream at a controlled rate. Unlike IV bolus dosing, where the entire dose enters the body instantly,…