1. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CELL INJURY AND ADAPTATION
Cell injury is the starting point of almost every disease. It means the cell is unable to maintain normal structure or function because the stress it faces is beyond its…
2. ABNORMALITIES IN LIPOPROTEINAEMIA, GLYCOGEN INFILTRATION AND GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASES
Lipoproteins transport cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. Abnormal levels of these lipoproteins lead to lipoproteinaemia disorders. Glycogen abnormalities occur when cells store excess glycogen or fail to break it…
3. PATHOGENESIS OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION
Inflammation is the protective response of living tissues to any form of injury. Its goal is to remove the harmful agent, clear dead tissue and start healing. Inflammation is local,…
4. CHEMICAL MEDIATORS IN INFLAMMATION
Inflammation is controlled by a wide range of chemicals released either from cells at the site of injury or from plasma. These chemical mediators start, control, amplify and eventually stop…
5. TYPES OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
Chronic inflammation is a long-lasting inflammatory process where inflammation and tissue destruction occur simultaneously. Unlike acute inflammation, which is sudden and short, chronic inflammation develops slowly and persists for weeks,…
6. REPAIRS OF WOUNDS IN THE SKIN
Healing of skin wounds is a classic example of how the body restores damaged tissue. Wound repair involves a combination of two processes: Skin wounds heal in two main ways:…
7. INTRODUCTION TO T CELLS AND B CELLS
The immune system protects the body from infections and foreign substances. The major cells involved in immunity are white blood cells or leukocytes, all of which originate from hematopoietic stem…
