8. MHC PROTEINS
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) refers to a group of genetic proteins present on the surface of all nucleated cells and platelets. In humans, these proteins are known as HLA (Human…
9. HYPERSENSITIVITY
Hypersensitivity refers to exaggerated or harmful immune responses that damage host tissues. Unlike normal protective immunity, hypersensitivity reactions are inappropriate, excessive and may sometimes be fatal. They are classified into…
10. AUTOIMMUNITY
Autoimmunity refers to a condition where the body’s immune system fails to recognize its own tissues and starts attacking them. This happens because the immune system loses the ability to…
11. ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a chronic and life-threatening condition caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The virus attacks and gradually destroys the immune system, making the body…
12. AMYLOIDOSIS
Amyloidosis is a group of disorders where abnormal proteins called amyloid fibrils get deposited in different tissues and organs. These fibrils are insoluble and accumulate in the extracellular space, disturbing…
13. CANCER
Cancer is an abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells forming a mass called a tumor or neoplasm. Unlike normal cells, cancer cells grow without control, do not respond to normal…
14. SHOCK
Shock is a life-threatening condition where the body fails to supply enough blood and oxygen to vital organs. It is defined as systolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg, or a…
