Introduction Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) is a progressive inflammatory liver condition caused by long-term heavy alcohol intake. Not all heavy drinkers develop ALD, and sometimes even moderate drinkers may be…
Introduction Acute Renal Failure (ARF), also known as Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), happens when the kidneys suddenly lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood. This leads to…
Introduction Asthma is a long-term inflammatory disorder of the airways. It is associated with variable and usually reversible airflow obstruction and increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness to different triggers. In simple terms,…
Introduction Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease (COPD) is a long-term, progressive lung disease where airflow becomes limited and is not fully reversible. According to GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung…
Introduction HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). HIV weakens the immune system by destroying CD4+ T cells, which are essential for fighting infections.…
Introduction Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by a bacterium called Treponema pallidum. It spreads mainly through vaginal, anal or oral sex, kissing or close physical contact with…
Introduction Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It most often affects the genital tract but can also infect the throat, rectum and…