• It’s defined as “ an revision in cell structure or biochemical functioning, performing from some stress that exceeds the capability of the cell to compensate through normal physiologic adaptive mechanisms”.
• Cell injury results when cells are stressed so oppressively that they’re no longer suitable to acclimatize or when cells are exposed to innately damaging agents or suffer from natural abnormalities.
• Different pernicious stimulants affect numerous metabolic pathways and cellular organelles. Injury may progress through a reversible stage and crown in cell death.
REVERSIBLE CELL INJURY:
• In early stages or mild forms of injury the functional and morphologic changes are reversible if the dangerous encouragement is removed.
• At this stage, although there may be significant structural and functional abnormalities, the injury has generally not progress to severe membrane damage and nuclear dissolution.
IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY ( CELL DEATH):
• Because of cell death with continuing damage, the injury becomes unrecoverable, at which time the cell can not recover and it dies.
• There are two types of cell death, necrosis and apoptosis which differ in their morphology, mechanisms, and places in complaint and physiology.
• When damage to membranes is severe, enzymes blunder out of lysosomes, enter the cytoplasm, and digest the cell, performing in necrosis.
• Cellular contents also blunder out through the damaged tube membrane and evoke a host response (inflammation).
• Necrosis is the major pathway of cell death in numerous generally encountered injuries, similar as those performing from ischemia, exposure to poisons, colorful infections and trauma.
• When a cell is deprived of growth factors or the cell’s DNA or proteins are damaged beyond form, the cell kills itself by another type of death, called apoptosis, which is characterized by nuclear dissolution without complete loss of membrane integrity.
