8. BLOOD GROUPS
Introduction: Blood groups are specific classifications of blood based on the presence or absence of certain proteins (antigens) on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens determine compatibility…
9. CLOTTING FACTORS AND MECHANISM
Introduction: Blood clotting, or coagulation, is the natural process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. Normally, blood flows freely inside vessels, but when exposed to air…
10. PLATELETS AND DISORDERS OF COAGULATION
What Are Platelets? Platelets are small, disc-shaped cell fragments found in our blood that play a major role in blood clotting and wound healing. They are formed in the bone…
11. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Introduction The lymphatic system is an accessory drainage system closely linked with the venous system. It absorbs excess tissue fluid, removes large particles like proteins, and plays a vital role…
12. SPLEEN
SPLEEN: ORGANS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SPLEEN: STRUCTURE: FUNCTIONS: DISORDERS OF THE SPLEEN: SPLENOMEGALY (ENLARGEMENT): INFECTIONS: CIRCULATORY DISORDERS: BLOOD DISEASES: TUMOURS: Detailed Notes:For PDF style full-color notes, open the complete study…
13. DISORDERS OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
DISORDERS OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM: Hodgkin’s Disease / Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Lymphadenitis: Lymphangitis: Lymphedema: Lymphocytosis: Detailed Notes: For PDF style full-color notes, open the complete study material below: PATH: PHARMD/…
14. ANATOMY AND FUNCTIONS OF HEART
ANATOMY AND FUNCTIONS OF HEART INTRODUCTION: The heart is a muscular organ that serves to collect deoxygenated blood from all parts of the body, carries it to the lungs to…