Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most widely used medications for pain, fever, and inflammation. Although generally safe at therapeutic doses, overdose or chronic misuse can lead to significant…
Paracetamol and salicylates are widely used analgesics and antipyretics, but overdose with either drug can cause life-threatening toxicity. Paracetamol poisoning leads primarily to hepatic injury, while salicylate overdose results in…
Alcohol poisoning is a significant medical concern, particularly involving ethanol and methanol. While ethanol toxicity is frequently encountered due to recreational consumption, methanol poisoning is less common but far more…
Barbiturates and benzodiazepines are central nervous system depressants widely used for anxiety, insomnia, seizures, and anesthesia. While benzodiazepines are generally safer in overdose, both drug classes can cause significant toxicity,…
Toxicokinetics is the study of how a toxin enters the body, distributes through tissues, is metabolized, and is eventually eliminated. It reflects what the body does to a toxic substance,…
Pesticides are widely used chemicals in agriculture and household environments. Due to their availability, pesticide poisoning is a significant clinical issue, particularly in developing countries. The major pesticide groups involved…
Opioid overdose is a critical medical emergency resulting from excessive use of opioid drugs such as morphine, heroin, tramadol, oxycodone, and methadone. With increasing availability and misuse of prescription opioids,…