Sulphonamides are one of the earliest synthetic antibacterial drugs. They act by inhibiting folic acid synthesis in bacteria, preventing growth and multiplication. Sulphones are chemically related compounds with similar mechanisms…
Malaria is a serious parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium species (P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. knowlesi). The infection spreads through the bite of infected female…
Antibiotics are chemical substances that kill bacteria or stop their growth. They are used to treat bacterial infections in humans, animals, and sometimes plants. Antibiotics work by targeting structures or…
Anti-neoplastic agents, also called anticancer or chemotherapy drugs, are medicines used to treat different types of cancers. Cancer cells divide rapidly and uncontrollably, forming tumors and spreading to other parts…
Antihypertensive agents are medicines used to lower high blood pressure (hypertension). Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries remains high, increasing the risk of…
Antianginal agents are medicines used to relieve and prevent angina pectoris — a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood supply to the heart. Vasodilators are a major class…
Cardiac arrhythmias are disturbances in the normal rhythm of the heart caused by altered impulse generation or conduction. Common contributors include ischemia, hypertension, electrolyte imbalance, hyperthyroidism, and drug toxicity. Antiarrhythmic…