22. ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC AGENTS
Antihyperlipidemic agents are drugs used to lower high levels of lipids (fats) such as cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. These drugs work either by reducing the production of lipoproteins…
23. COAGULANTS AND ANTICOAGULANTS
Coagulation is the body’s natural process of stopping bleeding through clot formation. Drugs can either promote clotting (coagulants) or prevent clot formation (anticoagulants). These agents are widely used in surgery,…
24. ENDOCRINE
The endocrine system is a network of glands that produce hormones. These hormones act as chemical messengers and regulate many body functions such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, stress response, and…
25. HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS
Hypoglycemic agents are drugs used to lower high blood glucose levels, mainly in the treatment of diabetes mellitus—especially Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. These drugs include insulin (parenteral) and…
26. THYROID AND ANTITHYROID AGENTS
The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, development, and energy balance. Disorders of thyroid function include hypothyroidism (low hormone levels) and hyperthyroidism (excess hormone levels). Thyroid and antithyroid…
27. DIURETICS
Diuretics are drugs that increase urine formation and promote the excretion of water and electrolytes (mainly sodium). They are widely used in the management of hypertension, kidney disorders, edema, and…
28. DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS
Diagnostic agents are chemicals used to aid in the detection, monitoring, and evaluation of diseases. They do not treat medical conditions but help visualize organs, measure physiological functions, or identify…