22. AMPEROMETRIC TITRATIONS
Amperometric titrations are electroanalytical methods in which the measured quantity is the electric current flowing through a solution during a titration. The current is monitored at a fixed applied potential…
23. ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
Absorption Spectroscopy is an essential analytical technique used to measure how molecules absorb light at specific wavelengths. When a beam of electromagnetic radiation passes through a sample, part of the…
24. INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Introduction Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy is a fundamental analytical technique used to identify and study molecules based on how they absorb infrared radiation. When molecules absorb IR light, their chemical bonds…
25. FLUORIMETRIC ANALYSIS
Fluorimetry, or fluorimetric analysis, is an analytical technique based on the measurement of fluorescence emitted by molecules after absorbing light. When certain compounds absorb radiation, they move to an excited…
26. FLAME PHOTOMETRY
Flame Photometry, also known as Flame Emission Spectroscopy, is an analytical technique used to determine the concentration of certain metal ions—especially alkali and alkaline earth metals such as sodium, potassium,…
27. ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) is a powerful analytical technique used to determine the concentration of metal ions in a sample. It works by measuring the amount of light absorbed by…
28. ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by measuring the light emitted by atoms excited at high temperatures. When atoms…