Prescription Event Monitoring (PEM) Prescription Event Monitoring (PEM) is an important post-marketing surveillance method used to evaluate the safety of new medicines under real-world conditions. Unlike clinical trials, which involve…
Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation Pharmacoeconomic evaluation is a systematic approach used to compare different pharmaceutical interventions in terms of both their costs and outcomes. As healthcare budgets are limited and the cost…
Pharmacoepidemiology is one of the most important disciplines in modern healthcare. As the use of medicines expands across populations, it becomes crucial to assess how drugs behave in the real…
Pharmacoeconomics Pharmacoeconomics is the branch of health economics that evaluates the costs and outcomes of pharmaceutical products and services. It helps determine which therapies provide the best value by comparing…
Drug-Induced Birth Defects Drug-induced birth defects, also known as teratogenic effects, are structural or functional abnormalities in a fetus resulting from maternal exposure to certain medications during pregnancy. Understanding the…
Pharmacoepidemiology and Risk Management Pharmacoepidemiology provides the scientific foundation for evaluating drug use and safety in real-world populations. Risk management, on the other hand, is a structured process that ensures…
Hospital Pharmacoepidemiology Hospital pharmacoepidemiology is a specialized branch of pharmacoepidemiology that focuses on the study of drug use, drug-related problems, and adverse events within hospital settings. Because hospitals manage acutely…