15. OSTEOPOROSIS
Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak and porous and break more easily. The internal “honeycomb” structure of bone thins, and outer bone becomes brittle — increasing fracture risk,…
16. GENERAL PRESCRIBING GUIDELINES FOR PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS
Paediatrics respond to medicines very differently from adults, especially newborns and infants. Their bodies absorb, distribute, metabolize, and eliminate drugs differently. Because of this, special care is required to choose…
17. GENERAL PRESCRIBING GUIDELINES FOR GERIATRIC PATIENTS
Older adults respond to medicines differently because aging affects drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Diseases such as heart failure, diabetes, and kidney problems are common in the elderly, and…
18. GENERAL PRESCRIBING GUIDELINES FOR PREGNANCY AND BREAST FEEDING
Pregnant women may need medicines for pre-existing conditions or problems related to pregnancy. Any drug taken during pregnancy can reach the fetus and may cause harm depending on the stage…
19. GLAUCOMA
Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders that damage the optic nerve. This damage slowly reduces vision and, if untreated, can lead to permanent blindness. The main reason for optic…
20. CONJUNCTIVITIS: VIRAL & BACTERIAL
Introduction Conjunctivitis, commonly known as “pink eye,” is inflammation of the conjunctiva — the thin, clear tissue that lines the inside of the eyelids and the outer surface of the…
21. INTRODUCTION TO RATIONAL DRUG USE
The topic includes two important concepts: 1) Essential Medicines and 2) Rational Drug Use (RDU). Together, these principles ensure safe, effective and affordable treatment for the community. Essential Medicines Definition…