18. SPONDYLITIS
Spondylitis refers to inflammation of the vertebrae, most commonly seen in Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), a chronic inflammatory arthritis affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints. Over time, the inflammation can lead…
17. GOUT
Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis caused by high uric acid levels in the blood (hyperuricemia). When uric acid crystals deposit in joints, they trigger sudden, painful attacks of…
16. OSTEOARTHRITIS
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disorder caused by the gradual breakdown of cartilage—the protective tissue at the ends of bones. It is the most common type of arthritis and…
15. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of the joints. It commonly affects the hands, wrists, and feet, but can involve other organs as well. The…
13. GONORRHEA
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It commonly affects the urethra, cervix, throat, and rectum. Without treatment, gonorrhea can lead to serious reproductive…
12. VIRAL INFECTIONS
Viral infections are caused by viruses—tiny infectious agents that multiply only inside living host cells. These infections can affect almost any part of the body, from the respiratory tract to…
10. HIV AND OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that weakens the immune system by destroying CD4 T-cells. Over time, untreated HIV leads to severe immunosuppression, increasing the risk of infections that…