Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a condition characterized by the formation of blood clots, usually in the deep veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis) or the lungs (pulmonary embolism). It…

Anemias are a group of disorders characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin within the red blood cells.…

Drug induced liver disorders refer to liver damage or dysfunction caused by the use of certain medications or drugs. These disorders can range from mild liver enzyme abnormalities to severe…

Viral hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver caused by viral infections. There are several types of viral hepatitis, including hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis…

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a condition that occurs due to excessive and prolonged alcohol consumption. It encompasses a spectrum of liver disorders, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and alcoholic…

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation of the digestive tract. It encompasses two main subtypes: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Understanding the etiopathogenesis of IBD…

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition characterized by the backflow of stomach acid and gastric contents into the esophagus. It affects millions of people worldwide and can lead…