Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a condition characterized by the formation of blood clots, usually in the deep veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis) or the lungs (pulmonary embolism). It is a potentially serious medical condition that requires prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Understanding the etiopathogenesis, or the underlying causes and mechanisms, of VTE is essential for its management. In this article, we will explore the etiology of VTE, the pathophysiological processes involved, and the pharmacotherapy options used in its treatment.