Immunochemical techniques are a diverse set of laboratory methods that utilize the specific interactions between antibodies and antigens to detect, quantify, and characterize various molecules of interest. These techniques have…

Electrolytes play a crucial role in maintaining proper body fluid balance and ensuring the normal functioning of cells and organs. These charged particles, including sodium, calcium, potassium, chlorides, and bicarbonates,…

DNA is a remarkable molecule that carries the genetic instructions necessary for the development, functioning, and survival of all living organisms. However, DNA is not immune to damage caused by…

DNA replication is a fundamental process that allows living organisms to faithfully transmit genetic information from one generation to the next. It is the mechanism by which DNA molecules are…

Mutation is the process by which changes occur in the DNA sequence of an organism’s genome. These changes can have a significant impact on the genetic information and can arise…