36. WILLIAMSON SYNTHESIS
Williamson synthesis is a widely used method in organic chemistry for the preparation of ethers. It involves the reaction between an alkyl halide (R-X) and a deprotonated alcohol (R’-O^-) to…
37. FRIES REARRANGEMENT
Fries rearrangement is a chemical reaction that involves the rearrangement of an ester with an aryl group attached to an adjacent carbon atom. It was discovered by the German chemist…
38. KOLBE REACTION
The Kolbe reaction, also known as the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction, is a carboxylation reaction that involves the electrolysis of a phenol or phenoxide salt in the presence of carbon dioxide (CO2).…
39. REIMER TIEMANS REACTION
REIMER TIEMANS REACTION: The Reimer-Tiemann reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the conversion of phenols to salicylaldehydes. It was discovered independently by Karl Reimer and Ferdinand Tiemann in the…
40. NUCLEOPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) is a type of reaction in organic chemistry where a nucleophile replaces a leaving group on an aromatic ring. It is also known as aromatic nucleophilic…
41. BIMOLECULAR DISPLACEMENT MECHANISMS, ORIENTATION, ALIPHATIC VS AROMATIC NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION
BIMOLECULAR DISPLACEMENT MECHANISMS: In nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S_NAr) reactions, there are two general mechanisms that describe the bimolecular displacement of a leaving group by a nucleophile on an aromatic ring.…
42. OXIDATION REDUCTION REACTION
OXIDATION REDUCTION REACTION: In organic chemistry, oxidation-reduction reactions, commonly referred to as redox reactions, involve the transfer of electrons between reactants. Redox reactions play a crucial role in the transformation…