Cancer chemotherapeutic agents are drugs used to destroy cancer cells or stop their growth. These drugs mainly target rapidly dividing cells—one of the main characteristics of cancer. Chemotherapy may be…
Cancer therapy involves a combination of treatments aimed at destroying cancer cells, slowing tumor growth, and improving the patient’s survival and quality of life. Understanding the basic principles of cancer…
Acute Renal Failure (ARF), also known as Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), is a sudden and rapid decline in kidney function. The kidneys are unable to filter waste, maintain fluid balance,…
Chronic Renal Failure, also known as Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), is a long-term and progressive loss of kidney function. Over months or years, the kidneys lose their ability to filter…
Renal dialysis is a life-supporting treatment used when the kidneys can no longer filter waste products and excess fluid from the blood. Dialysis acts as an artificial replacement for kidney…
Drug Induced Renal Disorders occur when certain medications cause injury to the kidneys. The kidneys play a major role in filtering drugs and their metabolites, which makes them highly vulnerable…
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues. It can affect multiple organs such as the skin, joints, kidneys,…