Biochemistry is a branch of science that explores the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms. It delves into the structure, function, and interactions of biological macromolecules, such…

Clinical chemistry, also known as chemical pathology or clinical biochemistry, is a branch of laboratory medicine that deals with the analysis of bodily fluids and tissues to assess a patient’s…

Kidney function tests are a group of laboratory tests that assess the health and function of the kidneys. The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products and excess…

URINE ANALYSIS: Urinalysis is a diagnostic test that examines the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine. It provides valuable information about the health and function of the urinary system,…

The test for (Non-Protein Nitrogen) NPN constituents is a diagnostic examination that measures the levels of nitrogen-containing compounds in the blood. These compounds include urea, creatinine, uric acid, and ammonium…

The urine concentration test, also known as the urine specific gravity test, is a diagnostic examination that measures the concentration of solutes in urine. This test provides valuable information about…

Urinary tract calculi, commonly known as stones, are mineral and salt deposits that form in the urinary system. These stones can occur in various parts of the urinary tract, including…