29. WITTIG REACTION
Wittig Reaction The Wittig Reaction is a very important method in organic chemistry for creating alkenes. It was discovered by Georg Wittig in 1954. In this reaction, a special compound…
30. MICHAEL ADDITION
Introduction Michael Addition (also called the Michael Reaction) is an important organic reaction used to form carbon–carbon bonds. It is a nucleophilic addition where a carbon nucleophile adds to an…
31. HOFMANN REARRANGEMENT
Hofmann Rearrangement Hofmann Rearrangement (also called Hofmann Degradation or Hofmann Bromamide Reaction) is a chemical reaction where a primary amide is converted into a primary amine using bromine and a…
32. SANDMEYERS REACTION
32. Sandmeyer’s Reaction The Sandmeyer’s Reaction is a very important method in organic chemistry used to convert an aromatic amine into an aryl halide. It is especially useful when direct…
33. BASICITY OF AMINES
Basicity of Amines Amines behave as bases because the nitrogen atom contains a lone pair of electrons. This lone pair can accept a proton (H⁺), making amines reasonably strong organic…
34. DIAZOTISATION AND COUPLING
DIAZO COMPOUNDS Diazo compounds contain the N=N group. Their general structure is R-N=N-R’. Usually both R and R’ are aromatic groups, which help stabilize the azo group by delocalization. These…
35. ACIDITY OF PHENOLS
Acidity of Phenols Phenols are weakly acidic organic compounds. They can donate a proton (H⁺) from their –OH group, forming a phenoxide ion. Their acidity is stronger than alcohols but…